Children of the Amphioxus

My other websites: Boys without Fathers    Subcortical Brain
Early Behavior      Brain of the Tiger Salamander Herrick Update
My Dysfunctional Family .

The Introduction includes a sporadically updated blog on where I'm currently focusing most of my attention.

Introduction
Historical Background & Free Book
Internet Resources
     Pending Resources

In the Beginning
    Montmorillonite
    The Origin of Life
    Timeline of Evolution

Single-Celled Ancient Ancestors

Protobionts
   Last Universal (Common) Ancestor
   Viruses

Prokaryotes - no nucleus
   Prokaryote Colonies

Mitochondria
     Succinate dehydrogenase

Eukaryotes - has nucleus
   Eukaryote Colonies
    Slime Molds

   Multi-Celled Ancient Ancestors

Neoproterozoic

Metazoa

Ediacaran Period
     Ediacaran Genomics

Parazoa
    Parazoa Hormones

Porifera
Placozoa

Pre-Bilateria Locomotion

Cambrian Explosion

Coelenterata
    Coelenterata Hormones
    Coelenterata Neuropeptides

Bilateria
   Bilateria Locomotion

Protostome - most "primitive" animals
   Flat Worms

Deuterostomes - us and a few others
    Sea Urchin

Chordates
Hemichordates
        Hemichordate Hormones
    Hemichordate Larva (Tornaria)

Protochordates
Tunicates
        Protochordate Hormones
Protochordate Neurotransmitters
      Protochordate Receptors
      Protochordate Genomics
Cephalochordate    See: Amphioxus .



Receptors, Hormones , Neurotransmitters, Neuromodulators

Membrane Interface
     Cholesterol
     Cholesterol Synthesis


Transmembrane Transport in General

Passive Lipid Diffusion

Steroids
Intracellular Receptors
        Steroid Actions
      Glucocorticoids
      Mitochrondrial Steroids
    Androgens
Testosterone
            Testosterone Accumbens
      Criminal Testosterone
      Testosterone Receptor
      Testosterone Transcription Factor
     Estrogen
         Estrogen Receptor


    Facilitated Diffusion

   Ion Channels
       Voltage Gated Ion Channels
      Other Non-ligand-gated Ion Channels
     Ligand-gated Ion Channel
     Glutamate
       Glutamate Gate
        GABA
       GABA Gate
            GABAA Receptor Evolution
       Serotonin Gate (5-HT3R)
       Acetylcholine Gate
   ABC Transporter

Transmembrane Transport Evolution
    Prokaryote Transmembrane Transport
    Eukaryotic Transmembrane Transport

Transmembrane Signaling in General

G-Protein Coupled Receptors
         Gq Protein
Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor
    GABA
GABA Metabotropic Receptor
Serotonin Metabotropic Receptor
     Serotonin Transporter
Acetylcholine Metabotropic Receptor
Neuropeptide Receptor
Melatonin Receptor
Arrestin & Rhodopsin Receptors
   Serotonin Receptor Evolution

Enzymes
    Coenzyme A
    Enzyme-linked Receptors
    CYP450 Enzymes

Transmembrane Signaling Evolution
Prokaryote Transmembrane Signaling
   Methyl-accepting Chemotaxis Proteins

Eukaryotic Transmembrane Signaling

Parazoa Receptors
Coelenterata Receptors
Hemichordate Receptors
Protochordate Receptors

Hormones in General
Evolution of Hormones
Parazoa Hormones
Coelenterata Hormones
Hemichordate Hormones
Protochordate Hormones

Nerves in General
Parazoa Nerves
Coelenterata Nerves
Coelenterata Hormone-Nerve Interaction
Protostome Nerves
Deuterostome Nerves
Hemichordate Nerves
Motor Nerve Organization
Neuroethology
Neuropeptides
    Oxytocin
     Vasopressin
    Coelenterata Neuropeptides

Neuromodulators in General

Neurotransmitters in General
Coelenterata Neurotransmitters
Protostome Neurotransmitters
Deuterostome Neurotransmitters
Hemichordate Neurotransmitters
Protochordate Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitter Evolution

Neuromodulators vs Neurotransmitters

Genetics in General
Genomics in General
Genomic Analysis
Ediacaran Genomics
Parazoa Genomics
Coelenterata Genomics
Deuterostome Genomics
Hemichordate Genomics
Protochordate Genomics

                The Amphioxus

Amphioxus
Amphioxus Life Cycle
Amphioxus Behavior
    Amphioxus PDFs
    Amphioxus Authors

Amphioxus Hormones
Endostyle = Thyroid
    Amphioxus Gut Hormones
Lamellar Body = Pineal Gland
Amphioxus Pituitary
Amphioxus Gonads
Amphioxus Stress Hormones
    Amphioxus Oxytocin
     Amphioxus Insulin
         Insulin-like Growth Factor

Amphioxus Receptors
Amphioxus Neuropeptides
Amphioxus Neurotransmitters
     Amphioxus Dopamine
    Amphioxus Glutamate
     Amphioxus GABA
    Amphioxus Acetylcholine
     Amphioxus Serotonin
Reverse Engineering Amphioxus Serotonin

Amphioxus Nervous System
Anterior Cerebral Vesicle

Amphioxus Sensory Nerves
Amphioxus Touch
Amphioxus Smell
Amphioxus Taste
Amphioxus Gut Nerves
Frontal Eye
Lamellar Body = Pineal Eye
Amphioxus Hearing
Amphioxus Balance Organ
Amphioxus Tectum

Amphioxus Motor Nerves
   Ventral Motor Neurons
   Dorsal Motor Neurons
   Primary Motor Center

Amphioxus Hormone-Nerve Interaction
Amphioxus Muscles
    Myomere
     Myoseptum
Amphioxus Fast-Slow Twitch
Amphioxus Locomotion
Amphioxus Asymmetry
Amphioxus Feeding & Respiration
Amphioxus Evolution
Amphioxus Genomics
Amphioxus Development

               Children of the Amphioxus

Dominance Hierarchies in General
   Endocrinology of Dominance

Vertebrates

Anamniotes

Amniote

Fish

Agnatha

Lamprey
   Lamprey Receptors
   Lamprey Genomics
   Lamprey Hormones
   Lamprey Cortisol, etc.
   Lamprey Dominance Hierarchies

Lamprey Nervous System
   Lamprey Neuromodulators
Lamprey Neuropeptides
   Lamprey Neurotransmitters
        Lamprey Acetylcholine
        Lamprey Dopamine
        Lamprey GABA
         Lamprey Glutamate
        Lamprey Serotonin
   Comparing Amphioxus and Lamprey Serotonin

    Lamprey Sensory Nerves
Lamprey Motor Nerves
  Lamprey Rhombencephalon
    Lamprey Striatum
    Lamprey Thalamus
  Lamprey Nucleus Accumbens
   Lamprey Asymmetry

Lamprey Muscles
     Lamprey Fast-Slow Twitch
    Lamprey Locomotion
    Lamprey Feeding & Respiration

Gnathostomes

Indirect Serotonin Pathway

Sharks & Rays
Shark Hormones
     Shark Muscles
Shark Dominance Hierarchies

Osteichthyes (Bony Fish)

Teleosts
Teleost Hormones
Teleost Serotonin
Teleost Cortisol
    Teleost Muscles
Teleost Dominance Hierarchies
    Teleost Prey Catching

Coelacanth

Lungfish
Lungfish Dominance Hierarchies

Permian Discontinuity
   Amphibians
   Labyrinthodonts
    Amniote
   Reptiles
     Sauropsids
   Mammals
     Therapsids

Salamander
    Brain of the Tiger Salamander
Salamander Brain Diagram
    Salamander Neurotransmitters
         Salamander Acetylcholine
   Salamander Dopamine
   Salamander GABA
   Salamander Glutamate
   Salamander Serotonin

Salamander Hormones

Salamander Dominance Hierarchies

Amphibian Muscles

Mammals
     Mammalian Muscles

Monotremes
Monotreme Dominance Hierarchies

Marsupials
   Marsupial Dominance Hierarchies

Rodents
   Rodent 5-HT1R
   Rodent 5-HT3R
Rodent Serotonin & Aggression
   Rodent Testosterone
   Rodent Nonapeptides
   Rodent Glucocorticoid-Testosterone Interaction
Rodent Glucocorticoid-Serotonin Interaction
   Rodent Testosterone 5-HT Interaction
   Testosterone Serotonin Interaction
   Rodent AVP, 5-HT and Aggression
   Vasopressin, Serotonin & Aggression
   Rodent Hormone-Nerve Interaction
Rodent Dominance Hierarchies

Primates
Primate Dominance Hierarchies
    Primate Serotonin
Primate Cortisol & Testosterone

Humans
   Human Endocrinology in General
   Human Reproductive Endocrinology
   Human Cortisol, etc.
   Human Testosterone
Human AVP
Human Testosterone + Serotonin

Human Neurotransmitters
   Human Serotonin

Neuroscience
    Human Neuroanatomy
        Nucleus Accumbens Septi
             Accumbens Input
       Human Amygdala
Human Hippocampus
      Human Basal Ganglia
        Cerebellum

Neuropsychology
Boys without Fathers
   Subcortical Brain
    Pleasure
   Nociception (Pain)
   Human Dominance Hierarchies
   Human Asymmetry
         Corpus Callosum
   Music
   Stress

Human Muscles
Muscle Innervation
     Fast vs. Slow Twitch Muscles
Medial Motor Column
    Corticospinal Tract
    Extrapyramidal System
         Wikipedia Extrapyramidal Revision
         Red Nucleus
             Red Nucleus Iron
             Heme
             Globin
             Myoglobin
          Myoglobin Evolution
          Red Nucleus Evolution
             Red Nucleus Cerebellum
             Wikipedia Red Nucleus Revision

    Motor Nerve Organization
Motor Neuron Evolution
    Motor Neuron Disease

Humans as Animals

Psychology Books

Online Psychology Compilations

Online Self-Help

Fig Stor 1

Fig Stor 2

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160714 - 2053

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