Cross references: Nucleus Accumbens Septi
Testosterone Accumbens
Amygdala Amygdaloid Hippocampal Convergence Searching Google for "accumbens input" found 247,000 references: https://www.google.com/search?q=accumbens+input&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8 Searching PubMed for "Accumbens Input" identified 518 references: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=accumbens+input 1975 517<518 Fimbria input to the nucleus accumbens septi. No Abstract. See:
Hippocampus
. 1980 514<518 126<131 Convergence of excitatory amygdaloid and hippocampal input in the nucleus accumbens septi. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7353176 1980 511<518 The pattern of termination of ventral tegmental afferents into nucleus accumbens: an anterograde HRP analysis. See: Ventral Tegmental Area
. 1981 508<518 Inhibition from ventral tegmental area of nucleus accumbens neurons in the rat. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 1984 493<518 Microiontophoretic studies of the dopaminergic inhibition from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens neurons. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 1985 490<518 Inhibition from locus coeruleus of nucleus accumbens neurons activated by hippocampal stimulation. See: Hippocampus . 1985 489<518 An excitant amino acid projection from the medial prefrontal cortex to the anterior part of nucleus accumbens in the rat. 1985 488<518 The topographic order of inputs to nucleus accumbens in the rat http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4080159 Only the Abstract available online for free. "Afferents to the nucleus accumbens have been studied with the retrograde transport of unconjugated wheatgerm agglutinin as detected by immunohistochemistry using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method, in order to define precisely afferent topography from the cortex, thalamus, midbrain and amygdala. Cortical afferent topography was extremely precise. The largest number of cells was found following injections to the anterior accumbens. Anteromedial injections labelled a very large extent of the subiculum and part of the entorhinal cortex. Anterolateral injections produced less subicular and entorhinal label but also labelled the posterior perirhinal cortex. Posteromedial injections labelled only the ventral subiculum and a few cells in the adjacent medial entorhinal cortex. Posterolateral injections labelled few lateral entorhinal neurones but did label a long anteroposterior strip of perirhinal cortex. Prefrontal cortex label was found only after anterior accumbens injections. In the amygdala labelled neurones were found in cortical, central, lateral posterior, anteromedial and basolateral nuclei. Basolateral amygdala projected chiefly to the anteromedial accumbens and central nucleus to anterolateral accumbens. Only a weak amygdala label was found after posterior accumbens injections. In the ventral tegmental area, the midline interfascicular nucleus projected only to medial accumbens. The paranigral ventral tegmentum projected chiefly to the medial accumbens and the parabrachial area chiefly to the lateral accumbens. In the thalamus, heaviest label was found after anterior accumbens injections. Most cells were found in the paraventricular, reuniens and rhomboid nuclei and at posterior thalamic levels lying medial to the fasciculus retroflexus. There was only restricted topography found from thalamic sites. Retrograde label was also found in the ventral pallidum and lateral hypothalamus. Single small injection sites within accumbens received input from the whole anteroposterior extent of the thalamus and ventral tegmentum. The medial accumbens was found to have a close relationship to habenula, globus pallidus and interfascicular nucleus. It appeared that the heaviest volume of inputs projected to anteromedial accumbens, where output from hippocampus (CAI), subiculum, entorhinal and prefrontal cortices converged with output from amygdala, midline thalamus and ventral tegmentum." My comment: This is far more inputs than I anticipated. 1985 487<518 A noradrenaline-induced inhibition from locus coeruleus of nucleus accumbens neuron receiving input from hippocampus. See: Hippocampus . 1985 486<518 Characterization of fimbria input to nucleus accumbens. See: Hippocampus . 1987 472<518 Inhibitory effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on neuronal activity in the nucleus accumbens. 1988 465<518 Gamma-aminobutyric acid in the medial rat nucleus accumbens: ultrastructural localization in neurons receiving monosynaptic input from catecholaminergic afferents. 1989 459<518 Convergence of hippocampal and dopaminergic input onto identified neurons in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. See: Hippocampus . 1989 458<518 Free PMC Article 5-Hydroxytryptamine acts at 5-HT2 receptors to decrease potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones. 1989 457<518 Ventral tegmental area-mediated inhibition of neurons of the nucleus accumbens receiving input from the parafascicular nucleus of the thalamus is mediated by dopamine D1 receptors. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 1990 453<518 Free PMC Article Muscarine reduces inwardly rectifying potassium conductance in rat nucleus accumbens neurones. 1990 450<518 Hippocampal fibers make synaptic contacts with glutamate decarboxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the rat nucleus accumbens. See: Hippocampus . 1990 447<518 Thalamic midline cell populations projecting to the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, and hippocampus in the rat. 1990 444<518 In the rat medial nucleus accumbens, hippocampal and catecholaminergic terminals converge on spiny neurons and are in apposition to each other. 1991 438<518 The contribution of basal forebrain to limbic-motor integration and the mediation of motivation to action. See: Hippocampus . 1991 Distribution of amygdala input to the nucleus accumbens septi: An electrophysiological investigation Only Abstract available online for free. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01253391 "The nucleus accumbens septi (NAS) receives afferent input from the amygdala via the stria terminalis and from the hippocampus via the fimbria." 1993 412<518 Neurons in the ventral subiculum, amygdala and entorhinal cortex which project to the nucleus accumbens: their input from somatostatin-immunoreactive boutons. In vivo modulation of acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats: I. Inhibition by serotonin. 1994 400<518 Tonic D2-mediated attenuation of cortical excitation in nucleus accumbens neurons recorded in vitro. 1994 395<518 Input from the amygdala to the rat nucleus accumbens: its relationship with tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and identified neurons. See: Amygdala . 1995 377<518 104<131 Synaptic interactions among excitatory afferents to nucleus accumbens neurons: hippocampal gating of prefrontal cortical input. See: Amygdaloid Hippocampal Convergence . 1995 103<131 Patterns of convergence and segregation in the medial nucleus accumbens of the rat: relationships of prefrontal cortical, midline thalamic, and basal amygdaloid afferents. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8550887 "Compartmentalization is therefore a possible anatomical substrate for condensation or segregation of neuronal signals passing through the nucleus accumbens." BLA>NAC 1995 368<518 Free Article Glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens shell control feeding behavior via the lateral hypothalamus. See: "Glutamate
" . 1996 349<518 Subpallidal outputs to the nucleus accumbens and the ventral tegmental area: anatomical and electrophysiological studies. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 1997 345<518 mu-Opioid receptors are localized to extrasynaptic plasma membranes of GABAergic neurons and their targets in the rat nucleus accumbens. 1997 341<518 Free Article GABA in the nucleus accumbens shell participates in the central regulation of feeding behavior. 1997 335<518 Free Article Metabotropic glutamate receptors regulate N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated synaptic transmission in nucleus accumbens. 1998 333<518 Cholecystokinergic innervation of nucleus accumbens subregions. 1998 332<518 Neuropharmacological mechanisms of drug reward: beyond dopamine in the nucleus accumbens. 1998 325<518 Free Article Electrophysiology of the hippocampal and amygdaloid projections to the nucleus accumbens of the rat: convergence, segregation, and interaction of inputs. 1998 321<518 Free Article Electrophysiological characterization of GABAergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 1998 317 <518 Phencyclidine interferes with the hippocampal gating of nucleus accumbens neuronal activity in vivo. See: Hippocampus . 1999 312<518 Free Article Cellular sites for dynorphin activation of kappa-opioid receptors in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. 1999 309<518 Direct comparison of projections from the central amygdaloid region and nucleus accumbens shell. 1999 306<518 Modulation of cell firing in the nucleus accumbens. 1999 302<518 Localization of the delta-opioid receptor and dopamine transporter in the nucleus accumbens shell: implications for opiate and psychostimulant cross-sensitization. 1999 297<518 Free Article Dopamine terminals in the rat prefrontal cortex synapse on pyramidal cells that project to the nucleus accumbens. 2000 295<518 The medial prefrontal cortex as a part of the brain reward system. 2000 294<518 The dopaminergic hyper-responsiveness of the shell of the nucleus accumbens is hormone-dependent. 2000 291<518 Presynaptic dopamine D(4) receptor localization in the rat nucleus accumbens shell. 2001 278<518 Direct actions of cannabinoids on synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens: a comparison with opioids. 2001 275<518 & 70<131 Free Article Modulation of hippocampal and amygdalar-evoked activity of nucleus accumbens neurons by dopamine: cellular mechanisms of input selection. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11306637 "Inputs from multiple sites in the telencephalon, including the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA), converge on neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), and dopamine (DA) is believed to play an essential role in the amplification and gating of these different limbic inputs." "These data suggest that increases in mesoaccumbens DA efflux by hippocampal afferents to the NAc play a critical role in an input selection mechanism, which can ensure preferential responding to the information conveyed from the hippocampus to the ventral striatum." See: Amygdaloid Hippocampal Convergence . BLA+HIP>NAC 2001 272<518 Role of glutamate receptors in the nucleus accumbens on behavioural responses to novel conflictive and non-conflictive environments in the rat. See: Glutamate .
Note: At this point PubMed added another reference to the search bringing the total count up to 519 from 518. 2002 261<518 Hippocampal and prefrontal cortical inputs monosynaptically converge with individual projection neurons of the nucleus accumbens. See: Hippocampus . 2002 260<518 Inhibition of GABAergic neurotransmission in the ventral tegmental area by cannabinoids. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 2003 247<519 Individual nucleus accumbens-projection neurons receive both basolateral amygdala and ventral subicular afferents in rats. See: Amygdaloid Hippocampal Convergence . 2004 228<519 Dopaminergic modulation of prefrontal cortical input to nucleus accumbens neurons in vivo. See:
Prefrontal Cortex . 2004 226<519 Quantification of morphological differences in boutons from different afferent populations to the nucleus accumbens. 2004 Dopaminergic Modulation of Prefrontal Cortical Input to Nucleus Accumbens Neurons In Vivo http://www.jneurosci.org/content/24/5/1040.full.pdf Full-length PDF. "... converging excitatory inputs from the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala ..." See:
Prefrontal Cortex . 2005 214<519 Nucleus accumbens dopamine release is necessary and sufficient to promote the behavioral response to reward-predictive cues. 2005 198<519 Dopamine-glutamate reciprocal modulation of release and motor responses in the rat caudate-putamen and nucleus accumbens of "intact" animals. 2006 190<519 The mesolimbic dopamine reward circuit in depression. 2007 176<519 Differential involvement of ventral tegmental GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors in the regulation of the nucleus accumbens dopamine response to stress. See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 2007 171<519 Dopaminergic regulation of limbic-striatal interplay. 2008 156<519 Free PMC Article Selective activation of medial prefrontal-to-accumbens projection neurons by amygdala stimulation and Pavlovian conditioned stimuli. 2008 155<519 Basolateral amygdala neurons facilitate reward-seeking behavior by exciting nucleus accumbens neurons. See: Amygdala
. 2009 148<519 Cholinergic innervation and thalamic input in rat nucleus accumbens. "Cholinergic interneurons are the only known source of acetylcholine in the rat nucleus accumbens (nAcb); yet there is little anatomical data about their mode of innervation and the origin of their excitatory drive. We characterized the cholinergic and thalamic innervations of nAcb with choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunocytochemistry and anterograde transport of Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) from the midline/intralaminar/paraventricular thalamic nuclei. The use of a monoclonal ChAT antiserum against whole rat ChAT protein allowed for an optimal visualization of the small dendritic branches and fine varicose axons of cholinergic interneurons. PHA-L-labeled thalamic afferents were heterogeneously distributed throughout the core and shell regions of nAcb, overlapping regionally with cholinergic somata and dendrites. At the ultrastructural level, several hundred single-section profiles of PHA-L and ChAT-labeled axon terminals were analyzed for morphology, synaptic frequency, and the nature of their synaptic targets. The cholinergic profiles were small and apposed to various neuronal elements, but rarely exhibited a synaptic membrane specialization (5% in single ultrathin sections). Stereological extrapolation indicated that less than 15% of these cholinergic varicosities were synaptic. The PHA-L-labeled profiles were comparatively large and often synaptic (37% in single ultrathin sections), making asymmetrical contacts primarily with dendritic spines (>90%). Stereological extrapolation indicated that all PHA-L-labeled terminals were synaptic. In double-labeled material, some PHA-L-labeled terminals were directly apposed to ChAT-labeled somata or dendrites, but synapses were never seen between the two types of elements. These observations demonstrate that the cholinergic innervation of rat nAcb is largely asynaptic. They confirm that the afferents from midline/intralaminar/paraventricular thalamic nuclei to rat nAcb synapse mostly on dendritic spines, presumably of medium spiny neurons, and suggest that the excitatory drive of nAcb cholinergic interneurons from thalamus is indirect, either via substance P release from recurrent collaterals of medium spiny neurons and/or by extrasynaptic diffusion of glutamate." 2009 145<519 Timing-dependent regulation of evoked spiking in nucleus accumbens neurons by integration of limbic and prefrontal cortical inputs. See:
Prefrontal Cortex . 2009 137<519 Activity-dependent depression of medial prefrontal cortex inputs to accumbens neurons by the basolateral amygdala. Abstract: "The encoding of reward-predictive stimuli by neurons in the nucleus
accumbens (NAcc) depends on integrated synaptic activity from the
basolateral amygdala (BLA) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) afferent
inputs. In a previous study, we found that single electrical stimulation
pulses applied to the BLA facilitate mPFC-evoked spiking in NAcc
neurons in a timing-dependent manner, presumably by a fast glutamatergic
mechanism. In the present study, the ability of repetitive BLA
activation to modulate synaptic inputs to NAcc neurons through dopamine-
or N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-dependent mechanisms is characterized.
NAcc neurons receiving excitatory input from both mPFC and BLA were
recorded in urethane-anesthetized rats. Train stimulation of the BLA
depressed mPFC-evoked spiking in these neurons. This was not
attributable to mechanisms involving NMDA or dopamine D1, D2, D3 or D5
receptors, since blockade of these receptors did not affect the
BLA-mediated depression. BLA-mediated depression was only evident when
the BLA stimulation evoked spikes in the recorded neuron; thus,
depolarization of the recorded neuron may be critical for this effect.
The ability of the BLA to suppress mPFC-to-NAcc signaling may be a
mechanism by which normal or pathologically heightened emotional states
disrupt goal-directed behavior in favor of emotionally-driven responses." Free PMC Article 2011 117<519 Subregion-Specific Modulation of Excitatory Input and Dopaminergic Output in the Striatum by Tonically Activated Glycine and GABA(A) Receptors. See: GABA Gate . 2011 107<519 Free PMC Article Cholinergic modulation of mesolimbic dopamine function and reward. 2011 104<519 Free PMC Article Heterogeneous processing of amygdala and hippocampal inputs in the rostral and caudal subregions of the nucleus accumbens. See: Amygdaloid Hippocampal Convergence . 2011 Excitatory transmission from the amygdala to nucleus accumbens facilitates reward seeking. See: Amygdala
. 2012 Glutamate Inputs to the Nucleus Accumbens: Does Source Matter?: Neuron Full text available online for free: http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(12)00999-3 See:
Glutamate .
2012 85<519 Synaptic and behavioral profile of multiple glutamatergic inputs to the nucleus accumbens. See:
Glutamate
. 2015 48<519 Nucleus accumbens medium spiny neuron subtypes mediate depression-related outcomes to social defeat stress. 2015 47<519 Ventral hippocampal afferents to the nucleus accumbens regulate susceptibility to depression. See: Hippocampus . 2016 11<519 VTA glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens drive aversion by acting on GABAergic interneurons. See: Ventral Tegmental Area
. 2916 7<519 The Nucleus Accumbens: Mechanisms of Addiction across Drug Classes Reflect the Importance of Glutamate Homeostasis. 2016 2<519 Morphine treatment enhances glutamatergic input onto neurons of the nucleus accumbens via both disinhibitory and stimulating effect. 2016 VTA glutamatergic inputs to nucleus accumbens drive aversion by acting on GABAergic interneurons http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v19/n5/full/nn.4281.html Only Abstract available online for free. "The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is best known for its dopamine neurons, some of which project to nucleus accumbens (nAcc). However, the VTA also has glutamatergic neurons that project to nAcc. The function of the mesoaccumbens glutamatergic pathway remains unknown. Here we report that nAcc photoactivation of mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers promotes aversion. Although we found that these mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers lack GABA, the aversion evoked by their photoactivation depended on glutamate- and GABA-receptor signaling, and not on dopamine-receptor signaling. We found that mesoaccumbens glutamatergic fibers established multiple asymmetric synapses on single parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons and that nAcc photoactivation of these fibers drove AMPA-mediated cellular firing of parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons. These parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons in turn inhibited nAcc medium spiny output neurons, thereby controlling inhibitory neurotransmission in nAcc. To our knowledge, the mesoaccumbens glutamatergic pathway is the first glutamatergic input to nAcc shown to mediate aversion instead of reward, and the first pathway shown to establish excitatory synapses on nAcc parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons." See: Ventral Tegmental Area . 2016 A thalamic input to the nucleus accumbens mediates opiate dependence : Nature http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v530/n7589/full/nature16954.html Abstract of Full Length Article online: "Chronic opiate use induces opiate dependence, which is characterized by extremely unpleasant physical and emotional feelings after drug use is terminated. Both the rewarding effects of a drug and the desire to avoid withdrawal symptoms motivate continued drug use1, 2, 3, and the nucleus accumbens is important for orchestrating both processes4, 5. While multiple inputs to the nucleus accumbens regulate reward6, 7, 8, 9, little is known about the nucleus accumbens circuitry underlying withdrawal. Here we identify the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus as a prominent input to the nucleus accumbens mediating the expression of opiate-withdrawal-induced physical signs and aversive memory. Activity in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to nucleus accumbens pathway is necessary and sufficient to mediate behavioural aversion. Selectively silencing this pathway abolishes aversive symptoms in two different mouse models of opiate withdrawal. Chronic morphine exposure selectively potentiates excitatory transmission between the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons via synaptic insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors. Notably, in vivo optogenetic depotentiation restores normal transmission at these synapses and robustly suppresses morphine withdrawal symptoms. This links morphine-evoked pathway- and cell-type-specific plasticity in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus to nucleus accumbens circuit to opiate dependence, and suggests that reprogramming this circuit holds promise for treating opiate addiction." Full length article: Many active links and references: Same link as Abstract. My comment: Since the D2 receptors are inhibitory, "... excitatory transmission between the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus and D2-receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons" would decrease the GABAergic output of the Medium Spiny Neurons and thereby decrease Tonic Inhibition . CotA Accumbens Input
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