Cross references:
Amphioxus Motor Nerves Lamprey Muscles Lamprey Fast-Slow Twitch Lamprey Sensory Nerves I noticed that many of the references cited "Grillner" as a source, so I searched for him. Searching PubMed for "Grillner" (without an initial) found 511 references: Searching PubMed for "Grillner S" found 365 references: 1966 365<365 A descending pathway with monosynaptic action on flexor motoneurones.
No abstract available Similar articles
1966 364<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1967 363<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1968 361<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1968 360<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1968
358<365 No abstract available Similar articles
1969 355<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1970 352<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1971
348<365 No abstract available. Similar articles 1971
346<365 No abstract available. Similar articles 1972
345<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1973 342<365 No abstract available. Similar articles
1974
341<365 No abstract available. Similar articles 1975 337<365 No abstract available Similar articles
No abstract available. Similar articles 1977 20<20 My comment: "reticulospinalneurones" are motor, not sensory. 1994 11<20 5-HT innervation of reticulospinal neurons and other brainstem structures in lamprey. Similar articles Two
forms of undulatory locomotion in the lamprey (a lower vertebrate) have
been described earlier: fast forward swimming (FFS) used for long
distance migrations and slow backward swimming (SBS) used for escape
from adverse tactile stimuli. In the present study, we describe another
form of escape behavior: slow forward swimming (SFS). We characterize
the kinematic and electromyographic patterns of SFS and compare them
with SBS and FFS. The most striking feature of SFS is nonuniformity of
shape and speed of the locomotor waves propagating along the body: close
to the site of stimulation, the waves slow down and the body curvature
increases several-fold due to enhanced muscle activity. Lesions of
afferents showed that sensory information critical for elicitation of
SFS is transmitted through the dorsal roots. In contrast, sensory
signals that induce SBS are transmitted through the dorsal roots,
lateral line nerves, and trigeminal nerves. Persistence of SFS and SBS
after different lesions of the spinal cord suggests that the ascending
and descending pathways, necessary for induction of SBS and SFS, are
dispersed over the cross section of the spinal cord. As shown
previously, during FFS (but not SBS) the lamprey maintains the
dorsal-side-up body orientation due to vestibular postural reflexes. In
this study we have found that the orientation control is absent during
SFS. The role of the spinal cord and the brain stem in generation of different forms of undulatory locomotion is discussed. 09-28-18 NOTE: For the moment I'm going to switch my attention to
473. Central generation of locomotion in the spinal dogfish. Grillner S, Perret C, Zangger P. Brain Res. 1976 Jun 11;109(2):255-69. 1976 3. Central generation of locomotion in the spinal dogfish. Grillner S, Perret C, Zangger P. Brain Res. 1976 Jun 11;109(2):255-69. 1966 511<511 A descending pathway with monosynaptic action on flexor motoneurones. Grillner S, Lund S. No abstract available, but: 92 Similar articles https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=5961677 1966 510<511 Monosynaptic excitation of spinal gamma-motoneurones from the brain stem. Grillner S, Hongo T, Lund S. No abstract available, but: 284 Similar articles: 473. Central generation of locomotion in the spinal dogfish. Grillner S, Perret C, Zangger P. Brain Res. 1976 Jun 11;109(2):255-69. A study of the morphology of the large reticulospinal neurons of the lamprey ammocoete by intracellular injection of Procion yellow. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/85471 "47 reticulospinal neurons of the lamprey brain-stem were stained by intracellular injection of Procion yellow, so that their morphology and dendro-architecture could be determined. The vagal, bulbar, Mauthner, isthmic and mesencephalic groups could be distinguished by the shape and size of their somata and the distribution of their dendrites. However, they shared the following features: the somata of all these cells were relatively large (up to 80 micrometer largest diameter); the dendrites were extensively distributed in the brain-stem in an open-field arrangement; the initial segment expanded abruptly at the soma junction but tapered gradually to form a narrow axon, which joined the medial longitudinal fasciculus in the brain-stem." My comment: "The vagal, bulbar, Mauthner, isthmic and mesencephalic groups could be distinguished by the shape and size of their somata and the distribution of their dendrites." This is the first time I've encountered any mention of identifiable "groups" of reticulospinal neurons. 108 Related citations: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=85471 and one Cited by. Development and organization of the descending serotonergic brainstem-spinal projections in the sea lamprey (PubMed) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18602462 Only abstract available online. I got the PDF from the library. "... two serotonergic populations of the isthmic and vagal reticular regions present reticulospinal neurons from the beginning of the larval period. Of the three serotonergic subpopulations recognized in the isthmic reticular group, only two – the medial and ventral subpopulations – project to the spinal cord, withmost of the projecting cells in the caudal part of the medial isthmic subpopulation. The vagal reticular serotonergic nucleus situated in the caudal rhombencephalon also presents cells with descending projections. The early development of the brainstem serotonergic projections to the spinal cord appears to be a conserved trait in all vertebrates studied. Although a serotonergic hindbrain–spinal projection system appears to have been present before the divergence of agnathans and gnathostomes, no serotonergic cells were observed in the raphe region in lamprey. Moreover, proportionally more rostral hindbrain serotonergic cells contribute to the spinal serotonergic projections in the sea lamprey than in jawed vertebrates." Ontogeny of 5-HT Neurons in the Brainstem of the Lamprey http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506194 Only abstract available online. I got the PDF from the library. "... three main 5-HT-ir neuron groups. The rostralmost brainstem group was located near the posterior commissure, the second group at the isthmus, and the third group in the bulbar area. For each of those groups, the distribution of the 5-HT-ir neurons was very similar in the three developmental stages examined, suggesting that the 5-HT system is relatively mature early in larval animals." Organization of the lamprey striatum - transmitters and projections. - 1997 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9359610
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