Behavioral Disinhibition
Somatic Nervous System Amphioxus Amphioxus Motor Nerves Amphioxus Fast-Slow Twitch
Dorsal Motor Neurons
Ventral Motor Neurons
Amphioxus Locomotion Lamprey Lamprey Motor Nerves Lamprey Muscles Lamprey Fast-Slow Twitch Sharks & Rays Shark Muscles Red Nucleus Mammalian
Muscles
Perinatal Behavior
Motor Programs Excitation vs. Inhibition The PDF cited below is 37 pages long and discusses the motoneurons of 8 different animals. A review of the organization and evolution of motoneurons innervating the axial musculature of vertebrates (Goog) - 1986 http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/26658/0000202.pdf?sequence=1 Full length PDF available online for free. This is a list of the pages referencing the above article as of 10-13-13. In order to avoid duplication, I'll limit what I quote on each of the pages to just what is specific to that topic. Motor Neuron Evolution Amphioxus Muscles Amphioxus Motor Nerves
Lamprey
Muscles Lamprey Fast-Slow TwitchMedial Motor ColumnShark Muscles Teleost Muscles Amphibian Muscles Mammalian Muscles Somatic Nervous System07-19-13 The Local Circuit Neurons: The most explicit reference I've found so far for the preceding blog entry is in: Neuroscience, third edition, page 371 ed. Dale Purves, et al. Sinauer Associates, Publishers "The neural circuits responsible for the control of movement can be divided into four distinct but highly interactive subsystems, each of which makes a unique contribution to motor control. The first of these subsystems is the local circuitry within the gray matter of the spinal cord and the analogous circuitry in the brain stem. The relevant cells include the lower motor neurons (which send their axons out of the brainstem and spinal cord to innervate the skeletal muscles of the head and body, respectively) and the local circuit neurons (which are the major source of synaptic input to the lower motor neurons)." 07-15-13 I spent some time "reading about the innervation of motor neurons", not in our subcortical ancestors, but in we humans. Paraphrasing Medial Motor Column , it turns out that the rubrospinal tract, the vestibulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract and the reticulospinal tract influence the output from the Alpha motor neurons , not by providing input to the Alpha motor neurons directly, but by providing input to the very numerous Interneurons which then influence the output from the Alpha motor neurons . 180701 - 1730 |
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